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<h1>📚武汉中考英语高频语法知识点全解析（基础版）</h1>
<p>用最简单的话，讲最核心的考点！</p>
<h2>一、动词时态（必背！）</h2>
<h3>1. 一般现在时</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">结构</span>：动词原形（主语是第三人称单数时加 s/es）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">用法</span>：表示经常发生的动作或事实。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>He <strong>plays</strong> football every day.（他每天踢足球。）</li>
<li>The earth <strong>moves</strong> around the sun.（地球绕太阳转。）</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="highlight">时间状语</span>：often, usually, every day, always</p>
<h3>2. 一般过去时</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">结构</span>：动词过去式（+ed）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">用法</span>：表示过去发生的动作。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>She <strong>visited</strong> Beijing last year.（她去年去了北京。）</li>
<li>I <strong>watched</strong> TV yesterday.（我昨天看了电视。）</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="highlight">时间状语</span>：yesterday, last week, in 2020</p>
<h3>3. 现在完成时</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">结构</span>：have/has + 过去分词（动词 + ed）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">用法</span>：表示动作已经完成，对现在有影响。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>I <strong>have finished</strong> my homework.（我已经完成作业了。）</li>
<li>She <strong>has lived</strong> here for 5 years.（她住这儿 5 年了。）</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="highlight">时间状语</span>：already, yet, since, for</p>
<p><span class="highlight">口诀</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>一般现在时：动作常发生，真理永不变。</li>
<li>一般过去时：过去某时间，动作已做完。</li>
<li>现在完成时：动作已完成，影响到现在。</li>
</ul>
<h2>二、代词（区分主宾格）</h2>
<h3>1. 人称代词</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>主格（作主语）</th>
<th>宾格（作宾语）</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>第一人称</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>me</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>第二人称</td>
<td>you</td>
<td>you</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>第三人称</td>
<td>he/she/it</td>
<td>him/her/it</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>He</strong> likes <strong>her</strong>.（他喜欢她。）</li>
<li><strong>They</strong> help <strong>us</strong>.（他们帮助我们。）</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. 物主代词</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>形容词性物主代词</th>
<th>名词性物主代词</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>第一人称</td>
<td>my</td>
<td>mine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>第二人称</td>
<td>your</td>
<td>yours</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>第三人称</td>
<td>his/her/its</td>
<td>his/hers/its</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>This is <strong>my</strong> book. = This book is <strong>mine</strong>.（这是我的书。）</li>
<li>That is <strong>their</strong> house. = That house is <strong>theirs</strong>.（那是他们的房子。）</li>
</ul>
<h2>三、形容词/副词比较级</h2>
<h3>1. 规则变化</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">单音节词</span>：直接加 -er（如 tall → taller）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">多音节词</span>：前加 more（如 beautiful → more beautiful）</p>
<h3>2. 不规则变化</h3>
<ul>
<li>good → better → best</li>
<li>bad → worse → worst</li>
<li>far → farther/further → farthest/furthest</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>She is <strong>taller</strong> than me.（她比我高。）</li>
<li>This book is <strong>more interesting</strong> than that one.（这本书比那本有趣。）</li>
</ul>
<h2>四、宾语从句（用来说“某人说/想/知道…”）</h2>
<h3>1. 结构</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">引导词</span>：that（无意义，可省略）、if/whether（是否）、特殊疑问词（what, where, when 等）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">语序</span>：陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">时态</span>：主句是现在时，从句时态不限；主句是过去时，从句用过去时态。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>I know <strong>(that)</strong> he is happy.（我知道他开心。）</li>
<li>She asked <strong>if</strong> I would come.（她问我是否会来。）</li>
<li>Do you know <strong>where he lives</strong>?（你知道他住哪儿吗？）</li>
</ul>
<p class="warning">⚠️ 易错点：从句不能用疑问句语序！</p>
<ul>
<li>错误：Do you know <strong>where does he live</strong>?</li>
<li>正确：Do you know <strong>where he lives</strong>?</li>
</ul>
<h2>五、连词（连接句子）</h2>
<h3>1. 并列连词</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">and（和）</span>：连接两个并列成分。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：I like apples <strong>and</strong> bananas.（我喜欢苹果和香蕉。）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">but（但是）</span>：表示转折。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：She is rich <strong>but</strong> not happy.（她有钱但不快乐。）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">or（或者）</span>：表示选择。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：Hurry up, <strong>or</strong> you'll be late.（快，否则你会迟到。）</p>
<h3>2. 从属连词</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">if（如果）</span>：引导条件状语从句。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：<strong>If</strong> it rains, we'll stay home.（如果下雨，我们就待在家。）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">because（因为）</span>：引导原因状语从句。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：He didn't come <strong>because</strong> he was ill.（他因为生病没来。）</p>
<h2>六、情态动词（表达能力、许可、推测）</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>情态动词</th>
<th>中文含义</th>
<th>例句/用法提示</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>can</td>
<td>能，会</td>
<td>I <strong>can</strong> speak English.（我会说英语。）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>could</td>
<td>能（过去式）；委婉请求</td>
<td>Could you help me?（你能帮我吗？）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>may</td>
<td>可以；可能</td>
<td><strong>May</strong> I come in?（我可以进来吗？）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>must</td>
<td>必须</td>
<td>We <strong>must</strong> obey the rules.（我们必须遵守规则。）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="warning">⚠️ 易错点：</p>
<p><strong>mustn't</strong> 表示“禁止”（例：You <strong>mustn't</strong> smoke here.）</p>
<h2>七、介词（固定搭配）</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>介词</th>
<th>常见搭配</th>
<th>例句/用法提示</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>in</td>
<td>在…里面；在…时间</td>
<td>in the box（在盒子里）；in 2024（在 2024 年）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>on</td>
<td>在…上面；在具体某天</td>
<td>on the desk（在桌上）；on Monday（在周一）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>at</td>
<td>在小地点；在时间点</td>
<td>at school（在学校）；at 6:30（在 6:30）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>for</td>
<td>为了；持续一段时间</td>
<td>for you（为你）；for 3 days（持续 3 天）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<p>I get up <strong>at</strong> 6:30 <strong>in</strong> the morning.（我早上 6:30 起床。）</p>
<h2>八、非谓语动词（动词的特殊形式）</h2>
<h3>1. 动词不定式（to do）</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">用法</span>：表示目的或将来。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：I study hard <strong>to get good grades</strong>.（我努力学习为了取得好成绩。）</p>
<h3>2. 动名词（doing）</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">用法</span>：作主语或宾语。</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Reading</strong> is fun.（阅读很有趣。）</li>
<li>I like <strong>playing</strong> basketball.（我喜欢打篮球。）</li>
</ul>
<h2>九、被动语态（动作的承受者作主语）</h2>
<h3>1. 结构</h3>
<p>主语 + be 动词 + 过去分词（+ by sb.）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：</p>
<ul>
<li>The book <strong>was written</strong> by him.（这本书是他写的。）</li>
<li>The tree <strong>is planted</strong> every year.（这棵树每年被种植。）</li>
</ul>
<p class="warning">⚠️ 易错点：</p>
<p>被动语态必须有 be 动词，不能遗漏！</p>
<h2>十、感叹句（表达强烈情感）</h2>
<h3>1. 结构</h3>
<p><span class="highlight">What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！</span></p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：<strong>What a beautiful day</strong>!（多美的一天啊！）</p>
<p><span class="highlight">How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！</span></p>
<p><span class="highlight">例</span>：<strong>How fast he runs</strong>!（他跑得真快！）</p>
<h2>📝 语法口诀（帮助记忆）</h2>
<ol>
<li>动词时态口诀：</li>
<ul>
<li>一般现在时：动作常发生，真理永不变。</li>
<li>一般过去时：过去某时间，动作已做完。</li>
<li>现在完成时：动作已完成，影响到现在。</li>
</ul>
<li>形容词比较级：单音节词直接加 er，多音节词前加 more。</li>
</ol>
<h2>📌 备考建议</h2>
<div class="tips">
<h3>1. 每天练习</h3>
<ul>
<li>做 5 道时态题（如：He ___ (play) football yesterday. → played）</li>
<li>造 3 个宾语从句句子（如：I know that he is happy.）</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. 错题本</h3>
<ul>
<li>记录常错的语法点（如：忘记第三人称单数加 s）</li>
<li>例：错误：She <strong>go</strong> to school. → 正确：goes</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. 工具推荐</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>思维导图</strong>：整理时态、代词等语法框架</li>
<li><strong>例句卡片</strong>：正面写句子，背面写语法点</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p style="color:#ff69b4; font-weight: bold;">💡 基础差也能逆袭！坚持每天学习，中考英语轻松拿分！✨</p>
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